Interview with Ayu Nuarida: A Woman for All Seasons

Ayu Nuarida, a Yogyakarta native, recently received a one-year "working holiday" Australian visa, renewable for a total of three years. The conditions of her visa require working in either the hospitality or farming industries. As you might expect, she was quite excited, naming Tasmania, Sydney, and Darwin as potential destinations.

At Gelato Matteo in Semarang

Q: You were born and raised in Yogyakarta? 

A: Yes. 

Q: What do you like about Yogya?

A: Everything is pretty, cozy, and cheap. 

Q: What's something people don't know about Yogya?

A: Everyone comes to Yogya because of the temples, but neither city is technically in Yogya. Prambanan is half in Yogya, half in Klaten (central Java). Borobudur is in Magelang. 

Q: From the time you submitted your application, how long did it take to get your Australian visa? 

A: Only one month, but getting the necessary letters from police (criminal record check) and an interview with the Indonesian immigration department took several months. So even though I received my visa acceptance in November, I started the process in July.

Q: Wait, the Indonesian immigration department interviews you for an Australian visa?

A: Yes. The department gives one thousand letters to Indonesians to go abroad. Maybe next year, the quota is higher. The age must be under thirty. To work abroad, I need the permission of the Indonesian government.

Q: What is the Indonesian government [in partnership with the Aussie government] looking for? 

A: Passport valid for 18 months, bank account showing 5,000 Australian dollars, a minimum score of 4.5 on the IELTS (English competency test). You also need a college degree of at least three years' study or to be an active student with at least two years of study. 

Q: What is your educational background?

A: I attended public schools from 6 until 17 years old. From 14 to 17, I chose to attend a vocational high school to study computer networking. I expected to work right after high school. 

Q: What did you do after high school?

A: I was working and traveling [in Indonesia]. Then I started college at 22 to study Batik [Indonesian design and dying process on clothing] and fashion. 

Q: What made you attend college, and how much did it cost?

A: I was bored, and I didn't have any goals. Also, people would treat me differently when I told them I wasn't well-educated. For the Australian working holiday visa, I needed a college diploma. Tuition fees each year were 4 million rupiah [275 USD] and the diploma required three years full-time study. 

Q: What do you expect in Australia?

A: I expect to make a lot of money, which will allow me to travel to Europe. My dream is to have a place selling Batik [clothing] somewhere in the world. 

Q: Why are you interested in seeing Europe? 

A: Europe is far from Indonesia. I'm a tropical girl, and I want to see the four seasons. I've never seen snow before. Even in Australia, I can see four seasons, but the four seasons in Europe are different than the ones in Australia, right? 

Q: I don't know--you'll have to tell me later. But many countries have four seasons--what makes you so interested in Europe? 

A: I like the Nordic countries because they speak English, have good healthcare, and I've heard nothing bad about them. 

Q: Did you hear about Norway's 2011 mass shooting targeting immigrants? 

A: Yes. It can happen anywhere. 

Q: What are you most afraid of when you relocate to Australia? 

A: I'm afraid I'll be jobless or I won't find a job quickly. I'm also worried how quickly it will take to adapt to the weather because it's not the tropical climate I'm used to. 

Q: Sounds like you're both eager and scared to experience the four seasons. It's always easier if you know people in a new place to help you adapt. Do you know anyone in Australia? How do you expect to make friends?

A: I know a few people, but I haven't kept in touch with them. [Pauses] I really don't know how I will make friends [in Australia]. 

Q: The Australians have a reputation for being friendly, so it should be okay. What is your impression of Australians?

A: I only know about Hugh Jackman and Mel Gibson, the actors. I think Australia will be totally different than Indonesia. 

Ayu's mobile screensaver

The State of Social Media Today & Our Complicity

The state of social media and "grassroots" journalism by well-meaning Americans and Brits can only be described as a tragicomedy of Shakespearean proportions. 

The man in question is wearing a shirt with a noose--signifying a lynching--over an old Southern flag and the words, "Mississippi Justice." For most discerning folks, the noose, not the flag, is the main issue. After all, Mississippi's official state flag includes the Confederate "Southern cross," and I've seen several stores in Asia selling Confederate flag merchandise to young buyers who probably discovered "Sweet Home Alabama" on Spotify. Here, we have no way of knowing--without further investigation--whether the man wearing it actually advocates vigilantism or racism. 

Basic logic ought to tell us that without due process--a seemingly forgotten value along with its cousin, humility--we don't know if the shirt was his father's and a keepsake, or whether he was wearing it as a reminder of Southern history. Wearing a diamond ring doesn't mean its wearer supports "blood diamonds" and African exploitation, just as driving a gasoline-powered car doesn't mean you hate the environment. 

Unfortunately, in this case, the reasoning is most likely simple: Mr. Clayton Hickey, a former Memphis police officer who resigned after a questionable situation involving a 17 year-old girl, probably just liked the shirt. I wouldn't want my local police officer anywhere near a noose, but my greater concern is we've accepted a society where we cannot easily access his law enforcement conduct--done on the taxpayers' dime--and yet, his voting behavior--which is supposed to be private--was the cause of his downfall. 

Mr. Hickey is an easy target. He has a stereotypically white name, a controversial history, and an apparently large presence. Yet, he seems to have reformed himself as a male nurse, and nowhere do we see any indication his nursing skills were deficient or discriminatory. I wonder if we realize it is the Mr. Hickeys of the world the law and due process are supposed to protect, just as they should if he were named Mr. Daquan Johnson with a juvenile criminal conviction, voting in a booth wearing an N.W.A. shirt. 

Once upon a time, as an employment lawyer, I believed in the law's ability to protect minorities; to protect employee off-the-job behavior irrelevant to one's position; and especially to keep the mob from jumping to conclusions before all the facts were in. Today, I wonder what anyone can really do when the mob is all of us: the hospital that fired him, the man who posted the photo without actually speaking to him, and every online commentator who twists the knife further into the coffin of the once-cherished value of American due process. Have we no shame? Or at least the decency to spend our time on something worthwhile? 

Bonus: most Americans are unaware American hospitals are tied closely to government policies and funding. "State governments became the largest single source of funds for virtually every major hospital in the country, giving them the power to influence--or even dictate--the policy decisions made by these hospitals." -- John Steele Gordon, Imprimis, 9/2018

Incredible Book on Chinese Influence in the Philippines

I just discovered an incredible book, Chinese Participation in Philippine Culture and Economy (1964), edited by Dr. Shubert S.C. Liao, Professor of Economics, University of the East. 

Dr. Liao took work from other writers like Dr. Mao-Lan Tuan and Dr. H. Otley Beyer, creating a deeply edifying compilation of Philippine history. I heard the term, "Hadramaut Sayyids," for the first time and learned "about 2% of the present Philippine population is descended from Arab or Persian ancestors, either ancient or modern." Other sections of the book detail anti-Chinese legislation throughout Asia. 

Below are a few selections, copied under fair use doctrine: 

Best Museums in the World

As of November 2018, I've visited fifty countries. Below are my favorite museums. 

1. Museum of Islamic Art in Qatar (Doha). Even the building itself is a work of art designed by I.M. Pei. (FYI: the National Museum of Qatar opens on March 28, 2019.)

2. National Palace Museum of Taiwan aka Chinese Taipei (Taipei). The best organized museum of Asian art I've seen so far--quite a feat when one considers the vast amount of artifacts to classify. 

3. Checkpoint Charlie Museum aka Wall Museum in Germany (Berlin). One of the simplest and most unique museums in the world. 

4. Oklahoma City National Memorial Museum in USA. Well-designed exhibitions, including interactive multimedia. Take note of the fact that two Palestinians were wrongfully arrested at the beginning of the investigation into the bombing. 

5. Museum of Anthropology aka Museo Nacional de Antropologia in Mexico (Mexico City). Should be re-named the Museum of Ethnography. A vast treasure trove of artifacts and history. 

6. Museum of Natural History in Austria (Vienna). Hate the city, love the museum. Quite possibly the best natural history museum in the world, suitable for both children and adults. 

7. British Museum (London). Make sure you see the Rosetta Stone. If you like this museum, try the Louvre in Paris. (Note: I liked the British Library, which also has temporary exhibitions, much more than either the Louvre or British Museum.) 

8. House of Terror aka Terror Háza of Hungary (Budapest). Very heavy-handed but worthwhile. Several startling video clips throughout the museum. Be sure to grab an explanatory leaflet at the entrance of each section. 

9. Aga Khan Museum in Canada (Toronto). A good experience if you're unfamiliar with Middle Eastern art and sculptures. 

10. The Amana Heritage Museum in Iowa, USA (Amana). I loved learning about self-sufficient, religious German pacifists who moved from New York to Iowa to seek better lives. How would locals treat them during the wars? How did they adapt? 

11. Dresden Castle aka Residenzschloss and, to a lesser extent, Zwinger in Dresden, Germany. These two museums are within walking distance of each other. The larger one, which houses one of the most complete currency exhibitions in the world, is Dresden Castle. I saw three items belonging to Martin Luther: 1) a drinking glass converted into a goblet; 2) a book (Hauspostille); and 3) an insignia designed by Luther himself showing a rose, a heart, and a cross. 

Honorable mentions: 

12. Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey. It holds items relating to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) plus "the tray used by Abraham; the staff of Moses; the sword of David; the robe of Joseph; the swords of the Prophet Muhammad’s companions; and the shirt, mantle, praying mat, and chest of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah." I was struck by how the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) possessions were ordinary on the outside--mostly one color--but when opened, contained ornate designs. An interesting metaphor, perhaps, for some of Islam's practices and customs.

13. War Remnants Museum in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 

14. International Museum of the Baroque in Puebla, Mexico. 

15. Dresden Castle, which is actually several museums in one location. One of the buildings contains items owned by Martin Luther. 

16. Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. 

Bonus I: my favorite waterfalls are 1) Niagara Falls, Canada; (tie) 2) Sipiso-piso in Medan, Sumatra/Sumatera, Indonesia; Madakaripura in Probolinggo, Java, Indonesia; 3) La Fortuna in Alajuela Province, Costa Rica; 4) Casaroro Falls, Valencia/Dumaguete, Philippines; 5) Air Terjun Banyu Anjlok, in Jepara, Indonesia; 6) Air Terjun Sarasah near Padang, Indonesia. (I hope one day to visit Argentina's Iguazu Falls and perhaps Rio Celeste Waterfall, Tenorio Volcano National Park, Alajuela, Costa Rica.) 

Bonus II: my favorite libraries are 1) Bodleian Library (Oxford, England); 2) Biblioteca Palafoxiana (Puebla city, Puebla, Mexico); 3) library@harbourfront aka Bukit Merah Public Library (VivoCity, Singapore); 4) Qatar National Library (Doha, Qatar Foundation, Qatar). 

Honorable mention: Biblioteca Publica Universitaria y Fondo Antiguo (Morelia, Mexico). 

Interview with Cebu's Ellen: Single Mom, Three Degrees

Ellen D., a regional manager of a Filipino pizza chain, isn't anyone's first choice for an interview subject. Yet, she provided one of the best interviews I've had. 

Ellen at 32 Umber Cafe in Cebu, Philippines.

Q: You were born and raised in Cebu, Philippines, though you spent ten years in General Santos (in Mindanao province). People like you call themselves Cebuanas. What does it mean to be a Cebuana? 

A: It means we were born in Cebu and our experiences are from Cebu. I prefer here than major cities like Manila. One reason is because I enjoy speaking my own dialect, Cebuana/Visaya, which is not spoken commonly outside of Cebu. 

Q: What do you think about President Duterte? 

A: I voted and campaigned for him. He is one of the better presidents we've had aside from Marcos. He's already implemented two significant changes: one, he's extended passport validity from five years to ten years, and two, he's implemented a national ID system that will give every Filipino bank access as well as reduce welfare fraud. 

Q: You mentioned Marcos. Wasn't Ferdinand Marcos one of the Philippines' most corrupt politicians? 

A: My older colleagues and my parents told me otherwise. It's true Marcos declared marital law around 1972, which allowed him to imprison many of his critics, including Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. However, after Aquino's assassination in Manila in 1983, Corazon Aquino, his wife, became president. It was called the EDSA Revolution.

[Interviewer's note: despite being declared the official victor of the 1986 election, protests in Manila against a rigged political system caused Marcos to flee the Philippines, allowing Corazon Aquino the presidency.] 

Q: The revolution seems to indicate Marcos was not doing a good job. 

A: I try to validate what I read with people 10 to 20 years older than me. The older generation told me [Ferdinand] Marcos wasn't corrupt, but his wealth led to a backlash of envy against himself and his wife. [Interviewer's note: people all over the world can still remember his wife's prolific shoe collection.] 

Q: How much money do you think the Marcos family amassed? 

A: Trillions [of pesos]. 

Q: Do you think Ferdinand Marcos got this much wealth through honest work? 

A: I can't say that. 

Q: So why are you saying that Marcos was not corrupt? 

A: Because he was wealthy before he entered politics. I don't have evidence he received most of his wealth through embezzlement. I'm basing my views on the older generation's opinions. They were saying back then, life was more simple, commodities like rice were cheaper, they could buy sufficient food for just 10 to 20 pesos, and the agricultural industry was more stable. 

[Interviewer's note: rice farmers play an outsized role in Asian countries, including in developed Japan and developing Thailand. Despite the modernization movement post-1945, most of the world's workers are still involved in agriculture. From Max Roser's "Employment in Agriculture" (2018): "While more than 2/3 of the population in poor countries work in agriculture, less than 5% of the population does in rich countries. It is predominantly the huge productivity increase that makes this reduction in labor possible." Furthermore, agricultural products for consumption in Asia went from 4% of imports in 1960 to a 14% share in 2000, a change negatively impacting many farmers.] 

Q: Let's move away from politics. You are a single mom. What has that experience been like for you in Cebu?

A: I gave birth in my early twenties, when I was finishing my second degree at university. It was not easy. People would ask, "Where's your partner?" "You must be married, right?" After I gave birth, with my parents' help, I continued to finish my second degree, so I was a working student and a mom. 

After a year, I finished my second degree and became a manager for a restaurant chain in 2008. I realized working in management would be tough, and I needed to be competitive, so I took a third degree. My first degree was Fisheries and Food Processing/Technology; my second degree was Fisheries in Aquaculture; and my third degree, in 2010, was Business and Administration for Executives [an MBA]. 

Q: How did you deal with health insurance costs in your twenties when you gave birth?

A: Since I was a student back then, I had no insurance. I gave birth in a private hospital. I paid cash, no discount. Since I was working--I was a working student--I had saved up some money. It wasn't enough, so my parents pitched in. 

Q: What did your parents think when you told them you were pregnant?

A: I didn't really inform them ahead of time. It took me seven months to get the courage to tell them. I knew it wouldn't be their expectation. My parents felt sorry for themselves, but not for me. As parents, they felt responsible. They had let me go away for college, and they thought I could have done better had they not let me go to a different city [General Santos] on my own. 

Q: You went to a public school, Mindanao State University. What was it like going to a public college? 

A: I was on scholarship, so I had to maintain a certain grade level. [Interviewer's note: the "scholarship" mentioned here is an allowance.] 

Q: Do Filipinos generally prefer public or private schools?

A: In Cebu, the best private university is University of San Carlos, but we also have public universities like Cebu Normal University and University of Philippines at Cebu. We have options, but when I attended public school, tuition was free. I attended public university because my parents could not afford a private one. 

At the same time, private colleges have courses not offered in public schools. For example, in my time, the Broadcasting Journalism major was only offered in private colleges. Also, the public university curriculum was more rigid. You could only take certain courses if you had the grades and certain scores on the entrance exam. [Update: before you could be admitted into a university, you had to take an exam administered by that particular university. The higher your score, the more options you had.] Based on my exam results, my only options were within the Department of Agriculture or the Department of Fisheries. I really wanted to be a TV journalist, but that major wasn't offered on my particular campus. 

Also, by studying agriculture, I received an allowance, the result of a public-corporate partnership. (A private corporation's foundation would sponsor students in a particular field.) It turned out I didn't like the courses, but I had to take them because the opportunities were immense. Once I graduated, I was guaranteed a job. 

I had the most fun auditioning for a theater group. My college days were fun because of theater. After I had my son, I was still active in theater, but I discovered my love for theater before him. Theater made me feel like I was doing the closest thing to broadcasting as I could. 

Q: Now you're the regional manager of a Filipino-owned pizza chain. What's been the most challenging part about your job? 

A: Meeting the KPIs [Key Performance Indicators], i.e., the targets related to profitability, etc., not just in one specific branch, but across different regions. If you really wanted to break it down, the biggest challenge has been managing people, and that's where my Executive MBA helps. 

That reminds me--I had taken my MBA courses when I was working in a call center [BPO, or Business Process Outsourcing]. I did that because BPO paid well and you got two rest days, whereas in the food industry, you only had one rest day. I got promoted in my BPO job, and after three years, my former food industry contacts also offered me a promotion as manager of a single restaurant branch. The job offered 30% less, but I had already paid for my MBA, and I liked the position and the opportunity to gain experience. 

Q: What's your favorite part about working in the food industry?

A: It's dynamic. I consider myself a Millennial, but the people I work with are even younger than me. Every day I deal with diverse personalities, plus direct engagement with customers. I also travel for work, which puts me in touch with even more interesting people. 

Q: What advice would you give to single mothers in their twenties?

A: It's not going to be easy, but it's worth it. Having a child is fulfilling, and it gives you a purpose in life. Depending on your outlook, it can make you more driven. As I look back, if I didn't become a single mom, I might not be in the Philippines because I might have decided to follow other paths. At the same time, I would probably be more self-centered, and I have no regrets. In my case, it helped bring my family even closer. I want to credit my parents for really supporting me. 

Manila, Two Years Later

I’m in Manila and will visit my favorite Filipino city, Cebu, next week. Manila, also a port city, is busy, always congested, and always interesting. While Cebu retains vestiges of royal elegance through its wise millionaire king/mayor Tommy Osmeña, Manila is the city where business rules all and world powers collide.

A quick history lesson: about 575 years ago, the Philippines was a Muslim country doing most of its business with China, thanks to Zheng He’s maritime prowess.

Chinese Participation in Philippine Culture and Economy,
Edited by Dr. Shubert S.C. Liao (1964)

Later, Spain’s Ferdinand Magellan converted ruler Rajah Humabon to Don Carlos before being killed on the neighboring island of Mactan in 1521 (Note: the tourist site of Magellan’s Cross has a mock cross using only bits of the original); then Spain disrupted Brunei; America prevailed against Spain; and China re-emerged in pole position after America abandoned its Subic Bay military installation. 

It’s tempting to pick naval or military power as the deciding factor for new rulers (and new religions), but trade—the name Cebu comes from the word “sibu,” meaning trade—done properly is the strategy best capturing long-term, sustainable influence. Indeed, almost every major city today is major because it was either a port or a place containing tradable products, often natural resources. San Francisco: port. Los Angeles: port. NYC: port. Singapore: port. ("With its position as a port servicing both the Pacific and the Indian Oceans, Singapore has become a major trade center." -- Clark Winter) Vancouver: port. And so on.

Military power creates long-term advantages by peaceably channeling and improving cross-border trade and cultural exchanges. Once a military becomes an avenue to establish slavery, war, destruction, or debt, it consumes itself and its residents, causing its own demise. Mongolia, despite Genghis Khan, is not and has never been an economic superpower. Instead, China, which controls the majority of today's busiest ports, is the up-and-coming superpower, despite having only 37% of America’s military expenditures. Ports do require safe passage, one reason capital investments flowing through military and intelligence budgets have created confusion: is it military spending or trade that propels economic prosperity? 

The answer, again, is trade, which requires military investment to ensure safe delivery of products and extra-judicial enforcement of trade agreements when necessary. Military investment not subservient to trade lubrication guarantees decline. Indebted Italy, former Roman Empire and modern-day mafia state, is still one of the world’s largest military spenders, a sign old habits die hard. 

But let’s get back to Manila. The U.S. military’s regional choice of Singapore’s port over the Philippines' isn't the only alteration to the status quo. Filipino grocery stores now accept WeChat Pay, China’s solution to the stranglehold of American dollar dominance, as well as GrabPay, Singapore’s fintech app. (Japan's Softbank is also in the mix with GCash.) 

In SM Cebu City mall

Today, America has more dollars invested in Singapore than in all of China, making Manila the proxy site of an invisible financial battleground between superpowers, similar to the Cold War between America and the former Soviet Union (another example of military spending minus commensurate trade leading to decline). No influential port, no problem. Manila always seems to find ways to survive.

Even if you know governments disfavor cash, you may still wonder why fintech is so important. If an essential commodity can only be priced in one currency, such as the USD, that currency’s owner can use its leverage to set up payment mechanisms such as SWIFT and insurance policies/costs favorable to its own delivery routes--and domestic industries. Oil is currently the world’s most traded product, with coffee coming in second, but natural gas/LNG is moving quickly up the ranks. All three require the purchase of shipping insurance, a specialty product, which presumes a stable banking sector. Today, the stability of a country’s banking sector depends on technology geared towards tracking and security functions, which also assists central banks’ data needs. Fintech, blockchain, and quantum computing are all shorthand for banking stability. Moreover, in future trade or drone wars, blockades can be virtual once physical delivery commingles with financial and legal requirements. In short, physical blockades are out, virtual ones are in.

Most Filipinos, oblivious to the international jousting taking place in their homeland, were refreshingly optimistic two years ago. They proudly elected Rodrigo Duterte and his allies on a platform of anti-corruption. When he deployed police officers, Punisher-style, to eliminate foreign drug cartels, everyone not a suit-wearing Manilan jumped for joy. When he removed Supreme Court chief justice Maria Lourdes Sereno, citing nondisclosure of assets and unauthorized expense reimbursements—easily maligned when abused by government employees—the message was unmistakable: federalism rules the roost, and the strong executive is back in vogue, not just in America and Eastern Europe, but in ASEAN.

Unfortunately, hope driven by personality tends to create flimsy long-term foundations, as America’s Barack Obama voters have surely realized. Two years later, optimism in Manila isn’t gone, but its unifying impact has dissolved. I no longer see the formerly ubiquitous bracelets supporting Duterte. Newspapers and magazines don’t carry images of spry athlete Manny Pacquiao and septuagenarian barangay politicians posing with the “Duterte fist.” What I see now are articles indicating President Duterte feels “forced” to run his own children as mayors in other districts, creating a political dynasty reminiscent of the American Bushes. I see my VPNs no longer connecting seamlessly, a common occurrence in any country with large foreign technological investment. (One employee in a Hanoi, Vietnamese telecommunications store wanted my passport and a photo on his device for a local SIM card.) I see five private security guards in the local grocery store when two sufficed before.

Manila, October 2018. A uniformed supervisor was nearby but not pictured. 

The result? I can no longer snake my way through empty middle aisles and must enter only from one particular checkpoint. Two security guards will use common sense when issuing orders, but when you put four or five people attracted to police work in one place, following orders for the sake of following them becomes the norm. “That way a police state resides,” I wanted to say, but kept my mouth shut—another consequence of being surrounded by many armed guards.

On the upside/downside, the Philippines’ political marketing teams, like America's, learn quickly and have co-opted progressive ideas in order to twist them for their own purposes.

For example, environmentalism has increased corporate profits (smaller packaging sizes, sale of recycled rather than natural water, etc.) while distracting voters concerned with plastic from focusing on more major and profitable pollutants. Yet, even flawless marketing campaigns need ballast for long-term impact, and if such ballast exists, I have not seen it in Manila. Any fool can see banning plastic straws while maintaining soda sales will create higher rates of tooth decay, an arguably larger problem than tiny straws piling up in a Chinese landfill. Or that an idiotic attempt to reduce traffic congestion by banning some car usage one day a week means governments are openly disrespecting individual property rights while signaling their reluctance to spend taxpayer money on adequate public transportation. (When I first heard Manila’s plans to reduce traffic, my first reaction was “fake news,” and even after seeing multiple reports from credible sources, I still don’t believe it.) 

It’s as if world leaders decided to play chess, but only one move at a time for simplicity’s sake when everyone knows you can’t succeed in any complex endeavor unless you plan at least three moves ahead. (Public or private debt restricts making too many moves in advance, a fact one doesn’t need a chess or economics background to understand.) Have governments run out of ideas and decided to greenlight any cockamamie idea in order to signal magnanimity, lest residents think the king has no clothes and revolt (or worse, not pay their interest-laden bills)? 

Yes, yes, a trillion times yes. Unsustainable security spending minus commensurate trade opportunities for developing nations has muddled political brains worldwide. The result? Every politician in power thinks first about repaying debt and rolling over loans, and second about livability--another way of saying corporate and banking influence have overwhelmed governments failing to properly utilize sovereign wealth funds to harness technological innovation. 

Contrast such attitudes with this Prague, Oklahoman resident in 1971: “Don’t like meters… or taxes. We don’t need them. This is a real thrifty town. Our treasury’s got a surplus of about $334,000. We pay off a bond issue by adding $1.50 each month to everybody’s water bill.” (National Geographic, August 1971) 

How many high school graduates in any country today could explain the advantages and disadvantages in the Oklahoman’s thinking while realizing such an approach is impossible today given the long-term fiscal obligations—not just pensions—local governments have drawn?

Such limited maneuvering creates a depressing deluge of sameness, especially shopping malls, because developers bring tax revenue, improve job numbers, and ameliorate blighted neighborhoods, and traffic congestion is a smaller price to pay than bond default and investor flight. 

Manila neighborhood about one mile from a major shopping mall.
How about another shopping mall? Who else will invest?

(Understandably, no politician wants to re-live Indonesia’s currency and economic crash post-Dutch banking flight.) In a myopic political landscape, public transportation and other quality of life programs are destined to be superficial because they’re costs, not revenue generators. Meanwhile, residents literally yearning to breathe free (from pollution) are victims to Dick Cheney’s “deficits don’t matter” thinking in a world soaked in more debt than prior to 2008’s financial meltdown.

Amidst all these increasingly complex changes, few educated citizens realize the link between deficit spending and maintenance of security agreements, which are linked to trade agreements, all of which are now suspect in a post-China-driven world that has no interest in maintaining U.S. dollar or naval supremacy. 

Even apart from its tendency to funnel money to the least nuanced members of society, security spending is troubling because of its social costs. Most interesting people do not follow rules, and two paths occur if a country has too many rules: 1) the most creative, who are often the best and brightest, leave; and/or 2) most residents stop respecting authority or go through the motions of rule-following, a cultural shift that guarantees less safety and more corruption. (e.g., no one with an IQ over 75 actually believes America’s post-9/11 airport security employees make flying safer; meanwhile, affluent Abu Dhabi allows foreigners entry through three purely technological checkpoints and a single employee.)

From Deborah Fallows' Dreaming in Chinese (2010)

Some of you know Peter Thiel’s reference to PayPal’s founders being teenage bombmakers, but have you considered your movie studios? Almost every famous British-born actor and musician despised school and authority—on principle. Peter Sellers, when starting out in London, did an eat-and-dash at a restaurant. Sean Connery dropped out of school and the military, indicating the worst rulebreakers of all are more likely to become James Bond, while the ones who follow rules more likely to become insurance salesmen, lawyers, real estate agents, and police officers—if we’re lucky. 

From Robert Sellers' Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down (2011)

In a police state needing to show results, Sellers gets arrested and ends up with a permanent criminal record before he can audition for acting school; Al Pacino gets prosecuted, not just arrested, for possession of a concealed weapon; John Lennon gets deported from North America before writing “Give Peace a Chance”; Albert Finney gets court-martialed for faking an illness to gain a military discharge; Connery gets placed on several watchlists and blacklisted from employment; Robert Capa goes to jail before he can arrive in America; and an overly suspicious police officer doesn’t recruit a young Cassius Clay to boxing. (Note: even before the NSA’s technological capabilities, America’s security apparatus was far-reaching. Muhammad Ali’s trainer, Angelo Dundee, was an FBI informant.)

In some ways, a security state is worse than terrorism, because of the two, only a security state snuffs out creativity or expels it to other lands that nurture it. It’s why America captured Britain’s best talent, creating Hollywood, not Londonwood. It’s why China has billions of dollars in movie investments but no consistently bankable writers, actors, or directors (Jackie Chan, Wong Kar-wai, and John Woo are from Hong Kong). It’s one reason India, despite having a billion people and perfect English speakers, continues to make Bollywood films lacking originality while sparsely populated Australia won awards for India-based Lion (2016). It’s why the Philippines have Anne Curtis and Bea Alonzo while India and China, so-called superpowers, have no one as multiculturally adept on screen.

A security state, even if it doesn’t siphon away a country’s finances as it did in the Soviet Union and as it is doing in America, makes people afraid and less mobile, and people who are afraid and less mobile do not take risks. They stay behind the wall in East Berlin, they listen politely to their teachers, and they do not discuss becoming “bricks in the wall” because such language won’t be created in their world, in their language, or in their culture. The absence of such language creates a gap filled by others, and depending on the times, they’re called avant-garde, iconoclasts, bon vivants, Young Turks, rabble-rousers, or rebels. They’re the ones who facilitate cross-border cultural adoption, who serve as physical reminders that this place has freedom and that place does not.

You don’t have to be a Netflix investor to realize original content matters—and drives the core of any attempt to supplant existing networks in a peaceful, sustainable manner. If content matters, then so does language, and without incentives to learn another country’s language, it is easier to miscommunicate, to be at the mercy of foreign media, and to retreat into the safety of familiarity. In contrast, a country that can convince others to learn its language removes the single most difficult barrier to its cultural invasion, and freethinkers and troublemakers, the ones who generate original content, are the weapons that lead the way yet cost nothing but decency and tolerance. In sum, it’s exactly like Pacino’s epiphany in Scarface: “For countries to project power, they gotta get the content first. Then when they get the language, they get the currency, then the power.” Original content allowed me to write the last line, allows us to replace no longer functioning ideologies with better ones, and thus forms the ballast that secures us from an unthinking security state.

If, on the other hand, debt-driven security spending makes a place safer, it will attract investment, because investors, not just banks, want political and consumer stability, and stability requires safety. Attracting predictable and reasonable investment terms is not an easy task—any government, not just Greece, that borrowed from American or European banks between 2004 and 2008 can commiserate—and the shortcut seems to be assuring foreign investors of safety no matter the social cost. 

To be fair, if you are a developing country, you do not control your destiny because you typically depend on oil and other imports, which means you’ve borrowed in dollars but your currency can depreciate, making domestic budgets and therefore job creation unpredictable. Most governments just keep borrowing, but once borrowing as a basis for job creation becomes the norm, the source and terms of capital injections become less scrutinized. Whatever worked in the past, including the teams involved, gets the green light, resulting in homogeneity and fragile systems multiplying flaws once contained locally. When too much money competes for too few ideas, distortions occur, some predictable, some unpredictable. Former USA Vice President Dick Cheney was wrong. Deficits do matter. They just matter less when a country has most of its debt in its own currency, a privileged position available to no developing nation.

America became beloved—and rich—by inventing and marketing products that increased freedom and mobility. It couldn’t have done it without stealing other countries' troublemakers and using them to generate original content. Today, the most original show on American-owned Netflix is British-made Black Mirror. Are we seeing a reversal of fortunes? I couldn’t tell you, but the more important question is, “What environments foster enduring original content?” It’s a question you should be asking whenever you see too many armed guards at the airport, at the shopping mall, and at the supermarket; politicians creating familial dynasties; and residents unable to tell you the last time their local government ran a surplus. 

© Matthew Mehdi Rafat (2018) 

Bonus I: re: social costs, increasing security spending creates more security jobs but less common sense. One example of dysfunction: SM Cebu City Mall's theaters are running a promotion of 199 pesos for an all-day movie pass, but apparently no one told the guards. To get past a movie turnstile, I had to go through one security guard and one mall/theater employee. The security guards have decided they're the ones in charge, so the mall employees sit apathetically unless an issue arises, in which case they revert to working the way they did before the security guard's presence. The all-day pass comes with a large rectangular stamp on the buyer's wrist and a torn-off stub signifying the 199 pesos payment. One security guard decided the wrist stamp--only given to people who purchase the pass--wasn't enough and took my ticket stub to the main counter and asked the employee to generate an individual ticket. The line to the movie wasn't affected because the regular theater employee jumped into action, but the main ticket line slowed as the employee had to deal with the unnecessary request. 

In matters of security, more human beings doesn't mean better. It often means each individual employee decides to create his or her own arbitrary rules out of a genuine desire not to feel useless, thus increasing private sector inefficiency. In most cases, the long-term results of more security spending are more jobs for people connected with the police or military--regardless of utility--and fear-based propaganda to encourage continued funding. 

Such jobs are not only direct. Police departments can use budget increases to fund organizations like P.A.L. that sponsor or advertise other groups, leading to more jobs and more economic power within an expanding circle that becomes increasingly hostile to outsiders over time. This phenomenon is difficult to see in the abstract because taxpayer money is funneled under the guise of public service or social welfare projects--but without any requirement to meet strict benchmarks. As long as the purpose is benign, governments have a hard time stopping the tax dollars once they start flowing and once employees are hired. 

Nothing is inherently wrong with government entities utilizing nonprofits. None other than Muhammad Ali was taken to a boxing gym under the aegis of Louisville police (though one wonders about the course of history had the young boy's name been Ali instead of Clay). Competent police departments make a habit of knowing their residents as well as their local businesses, or they'll soon discover criminals eager to become primary sources of information. 

Yet, only when I saw a strange police meeting in Cebu did I finally connect the dots. Take a look at this photo. 

It's a church choir singing at a police event supporting President Duterte's war on drugs. They don't actually call it a war on drugs, but anyone can see it's the same as President Ronald Reagan's American strategy plus more overt religion (one attendee held a sign with the words, "Drugs lead to slavery, Jesus leads to freedom"). Incredibly, people have forgotten that America's billion dollar war against drugs failed. Today, there are more drugs--and people in jail--in America than before the government's intervention. 

That's when it hit me. The entire show is a marketing strategy to increase security spending at the expense of all other "buckets" like public transportation, job training, and social welfare. For the past forty years, American voters have been inundated with images of dangerous crack addicts and uniformed "heroes" to convince them to transfer their tax dollars from projects improving community relations to projects increasing segregation and police influence. The result? America is the sole developed nation in the world that lacks public transportation and affordable healthcare. 

More drugs exist in America today than before 1981, but churches--often the beneficiaries of public grants designed to replace funding that would have otherwise reached social workers--police, and the military are stronger than they've ever been. 

In the United States, one of the few nations able to run massive deficits, salvation in the form of a policy u-turn is possible. Unfortunately, the Philippines, already saturated with South Korean investment (and thus ownership), cannot run deficits without even more foreign ownership of private industries and land. One can already see negative repercussions in Manila, which has more toll roads than I've seen in any other country, including two within four minutes of each other. In sum, a continued bet on President Duterte means Filipino voters have faith their federal government, lacking both the technology and budgeting options of the United States, will succeed where America failed. Let's pray 40 years of recent history will convince voters worldwide to reject America's recycled marketing. Not everything ought to be resurrected. 

Bonus II: Fear-based marketing (or how to enshrine a security state in just twenty years) is maintained by changing the scourge du jour every two to four years (human beings have finite attention spans, after all). Drugs are an easy mark; then come diseases, real or imagined; then, depending on the economy, immigration; then minorities and/or foreign elements. America started with drugs in the '80s, moved onto AIDs, then gays, then illegal immigrants, and then Muslims, with Ebola and Zika making intermittent appearances. It is now at the "foreign elements" stage. 

Bonus III: President of the Philippines Carlos P. Garcia (1960),

"Politically we became independent since 1946, but economically we are still semi-colonial. This is especially true in our foreign trade. This [Filipino First] policy is therefore designed to regain economic independence. It is a national effort to the end that Filipinos obtain major and dominant participation in their own national economy. This we will achieve with malice towards none and with fairness to all."

Poem: Exquisite Adaptations in Nature

You are inscrutable. Bottle-sized glasses give you a disarming look, but I knew at once not to underestimate you. 

You're introverted, sure, but you've surrounded yourself with extroverts, becoming unpredictable. Charles Darwin would be proud but unable to categorize you; perhaps you fit his observation that "wonderful metamorphoses in function are at least possible." 

Long giraffe legs give you feelings of being imbalanced, but to the casual observer, if you wobble, it is because you do not yet see your strength. 

I am no scientist, but know this: I already miss the island species that once sat with me, gently tranquilizing me without firing a single shot. 

© Matthew Mehdi Rafat (2018)